外贸清关货运知识点讲解：关于零担运输的货运等级说明 上

什么是货运等级？

What is Freight Class?

The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) defines a class as a way “to establish a commodity’s transportability.”美国国家汽车货运交通协会 (NMFTA) 将类别定义为“建立商品可运输性”的一种方式。

The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) is the standard which enforces this system, grouping commodities into one of 18 classes – ranging from 50 to 500. 国家汽车货运分类 (NMFC) 是执行该系统的标准，将商品分为 18 个类别之一 - 从 50 到 500。

The NMFC determines this class using four characteristics: Density, Stowability, Handling and Liability.NMFC 使用四个特征确定该类别：密度、可存放性、处理和责任。

Density: An item’s density is determined by its weight and dimensions. Check out our freight density calculator to determine your item’s density in pounds per cubic foot. 密度：物品的密度由其重量和尺寸决定。查看货运密度计算器，以确定您的物品的密度（以磅/立方英尺为单位）.

The higher the density, the lower the class and ultimately, the lower the cost. 
密度越高，等级越低，*终成本越低。

This may seem backward at first glance, but consider this: carriers love shipping freight that is heavy and doesn’t take up much space compared to its weight.  乍一看，这似乎有点落后，但请考虑一下：承运人喜欢运输较重且与其重量相比占用空间不大的货物。

This means they can fit more product on their truck, which means more cash in their wallets.这意味着他们可以在他们的卡车上装更多的产品，这意味着他们的钱包里有更多的现金。

Stowability: Stowability means how the shipment can be arranged with other freight in the transport vehicle. 可存放性： 可存放性是指如何将货物与运输车辆中的其他货物一起安排。

A good rule of thumb is to think of it as an item’s ability to be “stowed” or transported in relation to other items.一个好的经验法则是将其视为与其他物品相关的物品“存放”或运输的能力。

This takes into account hazardous shipments (which cannot be moved with non-hazardous shipments) or items with strange dimensions that make it difficult to load freight around them.这考虑了危险货物（不能与非危险货物一起移动）或尺寸奇怪的物品，这些物品难以在其周围装载货物。

Handling: Handling concerns the item’s ability to be handled as the freight is loaded and unloaded from LTL terminal to LTL terminal.处理：处理涉及货物从LTL 码头装卸到 LTL 码头时的处理能力。

Dimensions, fragility and packaging play a role in how difficult an item is to handle.尺寸、易碎性和包装在一件物品的搬运难度中起着重要作用。

Liability: Liability takes into account the probability of the shipment being damaged or stolen, or damaging other adjacent freight – as well as the perishability or possibility of freight theft of the item.责任：责任考虑到货物被损坏或被盗或损坏其他相邻货物的可能性，以及物品的易腐性或货物被盗的可能性。

货运等级如何影响报价

How Freight Class Affects Quote Prices

This part is simple — the lower your class, the lower the price. An item that is a class 50 will be cheaper to ship than an item that is class 500.这部分很简单——你的班级越低，价格就越低。50 类物品的运输成本将比 500 类物品便宜。

货运分类表和 NMFC 代码列表查找
Freight Class Chart and NMFC Code List Lookup

Different commodities have a different combination of these four factors and this NMFC codes list divides them into 18 classes numbered from 50 to 500.不同的商品对这四个因素有不同的组合，这份 NMFC 代码列表将它们分为 18 个类别，编号从 50 到 500。

In the table below you will see samples of goods that are usually found in each class.在下表中，您将看到通常在每个类别中找到的商品样本。

Class Name	Samples	Weight Range Per Cubic Foot	Cost
Class 50 – Clean Freight	Fits on standard shrink-wrapped 4X4 pallet, strapping material, flour	Over 50 lbs.	Lowest
Class 55	Bricks, cement, mortar, hardwood flooring, cloths or rags, magazines, copy paper	35 – 50 lbs
Class 60	Car accessories & car parts, steel cables, used tires, stone blocks, glass, moldings	30 – 35 lbs
Class 65	Car parts & accessories, bottled beverages, books in boxes, conveyors, chocolate in boxes, electric cords, tile	22.5 – 30 lbs
Class 70	Newspapers, wooden pencils, machinery, caskets, unassembled furniture, food items, automobile engines	15 – 22.5 lbs
Class 77.5	Tires, bathroom fixtures, garments, shirts/pants, snowplows,	13.5 – 15 lbs.
Class 85	Crated machinery, transmissions, clutches, doors, CDs/DVDs, motorcycle engine	12 – 13.5 lbs
Class 92.5	Computers, monitors, refrigerators and freezers, gas-powered generators, cabinets, kiosk or ATMs	10.5 – 12 lbs
Class 100	Vacuum, boat & car covers, canvas, wine cases, caskets	9 – 10.5 lbs
Class 110	Cabinets, framed paintings & artwork, table saw, metalworking	8 – 9 lbs
Class 125	Small household appliances, pictures/posters in boxes, exhibit booths, vending machines	7 – 8 lbs
Class 150	ATV, jet skis, motorcycles, assembled wooden furniture, work stations	6 – 7 lbs
Class 175	Clothing, couches, stuffed furniture, metal cabinets,	5 – 6 lbs
Class 200	TVs, aircraft parts, aluminum table, packaged mattresses, snowmobiles	4 – 5 lbs
Class 250	Bamboo furniture, engine hoods, mattresses and box springs, unassembled couch, plasma TV	3 – 4 lbs
Class 300	Wood cabinets, tables, chairs, model boats, kayaks/canoes, chassis	2 – 3 lbs
Class 400	Deer antlers	1 – 2 lbs
Class 500 (Low Density or High Value)	Bags of gold dust, ping pong balls	Less than 1 lb.	Highest